Consolidated revenue fell for four straight years, from KRW 217.2bn in 2022 to KRW 190.7bn in 2023, KRW 124.1bn in 2024, and KRW 86.8bn in 2025.
The operating margin deteriorated from -1.0% in 2022 to -9.3% in 2023 and -14.0% in 2024, before narrowing to -9.4% in 2025 as fixed-cost reductions from restructuring and asset disposals partly offset the sharp revenue decline.
Net income attributable to owners swelled from a loss of KRW 3.3bn in 2022 to KRW 19.9bn in 2023 and KRW 45.1bn in 2024, before flipping to a profit of about KRW 2.0bn in 2025.
However, this swing to profit was driven decisively by a roughly KRW 12.9bn net gain recognized in Q4 2025 alone, even as operating loss that same quarter remained at about KRW 1.5bn, indicating the turnaround was largely attributable to a one-off item.
On a quarterly basis, revenue continued to slide from KRW 26.3bn in Q2 2025 to KRW 21.8bn in Q3 and KRW 15.3bn in Q4, while operating losses gradually narrowed from about KRW 2.3bn to KRW 1.5bn over the same period.
Entering 2026, however, the operating loss widened sharply to about KRW 7.0bn in Q1 on revenue of KRW 16.9bn, and in Q2 revenue fell further to KRW 12.9bn with an operating loss of KRW 3.6bn and a net loss of KRW 6.0bn, reversing the earlier trend of narrowing losses.
As a result, the cumulative net loss to owners over the most recent four quarters (2025Q3-2026Q2) reached about KRW 3.9bn, effectively unwinding the full-year 2025 profit swing and returning the company to a loss position.
Equity attributable to owners fell from KRW 47.7bn in 2022 to KRW 22.6bn in 2023 and just KRW 2.1bn in 2024, before recovering to about KRW 35.0bn in 2025 through capital raises, which brought the debt-to-equity ratio down sharply from 4,913% in 2024 to 147% in 2025.
Operating cash flow remained negative at KRW 15.2bn in 2025, underscoring that cash generation remains weak despite the reported earnings recovery.