Consolidated revenue fell sharply from KRW 38.6bn in 2022 to KRW 4.9bn in 2023, then recovered to KRW 7.3bn in 2024 and KRW 27.4bn in 2025. Operating losses, however, persisted throughout: widening from -KRW 24.1bn in 2022 to -KRW 30.9bn in 2023 and -KRW 38.8bn in 2024, before narrowing to -KRW 23.8bn in 2025.
The operating margin deteriorated to -535.1% in 2024 before improving to -86.7% in 2025, an improvement driven more by the expanded revenue base than by an actual reduction in losses.
Net income attributable to owners posted large deficits of -KRW 50.0bn in 2023 and -KRW 51.5bn in 2024, before the loss narrowed sharply to -KRW 3.5bn in 2025.
On a quarterly basis, owners' net income swung to a gain of +KRW 23.8bn in Q4 2025, even as the operating loss continued at -KRW 3.8bn that quarter, suggesting the swing originated from non-operating items rather than core operations.
The company then returned to net losses in Q1 2026 (-KRW 4.5bn) and Q2 2026 (-KRW 6.6bn), underscoring high quarter-to-quarter earnings volatility.
On a trailing four-quarter basis (Q3 2025 through Q2 2026), owners' net income turned slightly positive in aggregate, but given that the operating loss persisted every quarter in that window, it would be premature to characterize this as a genuine recovery in core profitability.
Operating cash flow was negative in all four years, with the outflow gradually narrowing from -KRW 24.4bn in 2022 to -KRW 17.4bn in 2025, though the business still consumes cash.
The debt ratio rose from 67.3% in 2023 to 115.6% in 2024 before easing to 88.8% in 2025, while equity attributable to owners shrank sharply from KRW 188.3bn in 2022 to KRW 105.2bn in 2025.